The North's 17 provinces comprise two distinct areas: the wide plains of the lower north from Nakhon Sawan up to Sukhothai, leading into the mountainous upper north that has long borders with Myanmar and Laos. The great mountains along both borders produce breathtaking scenery, waterfalls, fast rivers perfect for rafting, and are home to many ethnic peoples.
The region enjoys three seasons: hot from March to May, wet from June to November, and cool from December to February. However, up in the mountains can be extremely cold.
The Thai nation began in the North, initially as city states, which were gradually united under the Lanna kingdom centred on Chiang Mai in the 13th century. The process was continued by Sukhothai, the first capital of Thailand. Throughout its long history, there has been strong Burmese and Lao influence, particularly in the upper north, seen in both its architecture and cuisine.
However, the nomadic hilltribes have been a law unto themselves, wandering back and forth across borders. Today, they are more settled in villages across the northern mountains. There are six main tribal groups, originating from southern China and Myanmar, Karen, Hmong,
Lahu, Mien, Akha, Lisu, all with their own unique customs and costumes, which is the great attraction for many travellers.
Most travellers head for Chiang Mai, the northern capital, as a base for visiting ethnic tribes, for soft adventure and for shopping. The lure of rafting, trekking and tribal villages is strong in Chiang Rai and Mae Hong Son, particularly the adventure village of Pai. Remote areas like Nan and Tak are becoming more accessible, attracting visitors with the promise of great activity and exploration. To the south, the Historical Park at Sukhothai is a must-see for travellers who want to discover more about the history and culture of Thailand
